美国亚拉巴马论文代写:Bowen和莱文

Keywords:美国亚拉巴马论文代写

Bowen和莱文发现，即使在这些拥有精英学者和小规模体育运动的机构中，也存在着影响教育质量的长期问题。首先，招募的运动员在招生过程中有很大的优势。这一问题在研究的每一个学院中都是一致的，但在常春藤盟校中最为明显，在这种情况下，与可比申请人相比，被录取的学生被录取的可能性是其他学校的四倍。被招募的运动员的标准化考试成绩显著低于不参加运动的同学，而且还包括运动员。第二，一旦在校园里，招募的运动员在学业上表现得比预期的要糟糕，这是基于他们的学术和人口统计学特征，并且在种族和社会经济地位等因素上不存在差异。更重要的是表现不佳并不限于运动的季节。表现不佳也会出现在季节和年期间，他们不参与体育运动。在常春藤联盟的学校中，美国亚拉巴马论文代写:Bowen和莱文.大多数被招募的运动员在垫底的第三名中垫底，而在底层第三名被招募的运动员中，有81%的人表现突出。nescac学校看到类似的模式。第三、与运动员共享某些特性不表现出弱势运动员做其他组。例如，有大量时间承诺的学生，如音乐家，以及那些获得录取偏好的学生，例如遗产，他们的表现不会比同龄人差。同样的，少数民族的学生，他们通常会收到一个优势在招生过程中，已经在缩小绩效差距，差距扩大了运动员显示出稳定的改善。第四，研究者们在研究的校园里发现了一种与竞技运动相关的文化，造成了一个对整个校园文化产生负面影响的鸿沟。运动员经常和其他运动员一起生活，他们大部分时间都在运动之外，很少参加体育以外的课外活动。他们也倾向于集中在某些专业，特别是社会科学和商业领域。最后，Bowen和莱文发现，学校在大学体育协会（卡内基梅隆大学、埃默里大学、芝加哥大学、华盛顿大学-圣路易斯）的成功在很大程度上避免了在校际田径招聘相关的缺陷。这是研究中仅有的一组学校，招收了一批招收的运动员，这些运动员与他们的非运动员同班同学一样，都是根据他们在入学时的资格和学习成绩而登记的。
美国亚拉巴马论文代写:Bowen和莱文
Bowen and Levin found that, even at these institutions with elite academics and small time athletics, there are persistent problems that compromise the quality of education. First, recruited athletes have a substantial advantage in the admissions process. This issue was consistent across each group of colleges studied, but it was most pronounced at Ivy League institutions, where recruits were four times more likely to be admitted relative to comparable applicants. Recruited athletes had markedly lower standardized test scores than not only their classmates not participating in sports but also walk-on athletes. Second, once on campus, recruited athletes perform much worse academically than expected, based on their academic and demographic characteristics, and differences did not exist across factors such as race and socioeconomic status. More concerning is that the underperformance is not restricted to the athletic season. Underperformance persisted even in seasons and years during which they were not participating in athletics. At Ivy League institutions, the majority of recruited athletes fell in the bottom third of the class, accentuated by 81% of high-profile recruited athletes in the bottom third. NESCAC schools saw a similar pattern. Third, other groups that share certain characteristics with athletes do not demonstrate underperformance as athletes do. For instance, students with heavy time commitments, such as musicians, and those who receive admissions preference, such as legacies, do not perform worse than their peers. Similarly, underrepresented minority students, who typically receive an advantage in the admissions process, have shown steady improvement in narrowing the performance gap while the gap has widened for athletes. Fourth, the authors identified a separate culture associated with athletics on the campuses examined in the study, creating a divide negatively impacting the overall campus culture. Athletes frequently live with other athletes, spend most of their time together outside of their athletic responsibilities, and rarely participate in extracurricular activities outside of sports. They also tend to cluster in certain majors, specifically those in the social sciences and in business. Finally, Bowen and Levin found that schools in the University Athletic Association (Carnegie Mellon University, Emory University, University of Chicago, Washington University in St. Louis) were largely successful in avoiding the pitfalls associated with recruiting in intercollegiate athletics. This was the only group of schools in the study that had a pool of recruited athletes that resembled their non-athlete classmates based on their entering qualifications and academic performance while enrolled.